La industrialización del litio y el desarrollo en Bolivia
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Data
2018-07-25
Autores
Almanza Larrazabal, Luis Alfredo
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Resumo
Actualmente el litio se ha convertido en un recurso de alto valor económico, por tal motivo se lo denominó “el oro blanco del siglo XXI”. Las principales reservas en salmuera se encuentran en el “triángulo del litio” conformado por Argentina, Bolivia y Chile. La estrategia que adopta cada uno será crucial para garantizar su transformación y alcanzar el verdadero valor científico y tecnológico. Bolivia, quien tiene las mayores reservas de litio en el mundo, a lo largo de su historia padeció “la maldición de los recursos naturales”, tal es caso de la Plata, el estaño, la goma, el gas, entre otros. Por eso mismo el caso del litio tiene que ser diferente. A través de una nueva legislación en 2009, el Estado Plurinacional impulsará su industrialización y mantendrá el carácter del litio de recurso estratégico, por lo tanto, la administración será 100% estatal. Nuestra tarea es analizar esta estrategia de desarrollo que utiliza el gobierno para la industrialización del litio en Bolivia y determinar a quién beneficiará el "oro blanco" del Salar de Uyuni, si se mantiene a cargo del Estado, por medio de una metodología de análisis de las políticas públicas, dividida en cinco etapas, para facilitar el estudio: 1) el montaje de la agenda; 2) la formulación; 3) la toma de decisión; 4) la implementación y 5) la evaluación. Si se mantienen las experiencias de extracción de los recursos mineros característicos de una economía de enclave, bajo un nuevo modelo de desarrollo hibrido (desarrollismo y neoliberalismo) o “Estado Logístico”, existen dos posibilidades: i) se cambiará la realidad con la política industrial del litio y/o ii) lo que hay es más de lo mismo, es decir, una repetición del pasado en las nuevas formas del presente.
Nowadays lithium has become a resource of high economic value, for this reason it was called "the white gold of the 21st century". The main brine reserves for lithium are located in the "lithium triangle" formed by Argentina, Bolivia and Chile. The strategy adopted by each one will be crucial to guarantee its transformation and achieve true scientific and technological value. Bolivia, which has the largest lithium reserves in the world, throughout its history suffered “the curse of natural resources”, such is the case of silver, tin, rubber, gas, among others. The case of lithium must be different. Through a new legislation in 2009, the Plurinational State will promote its industrialization and maintain the strategic character of lithium, hence, the administration will be 100% state-owned. Our task is to analyze this development strategy used by the government for the industrialization of lithium in Bolivia and determine who will benefit from the "white gold" of the Salar de Uyuni, through a methodology of public policy analysis, divided into five stages: 1) construction of the agenda; 2) formulation; 3) decision making; 4) the implementation and 5) the evaluation. If the extraction experiences of the mining resources that traditionally typify an enclave economy are maintained, under a new model of hybrid development (developmentalism and neoliberalism) or “Logistic State”, there are two possibilities: i) the Bolivian reality will be changed by with the industrial policy of lithium and / or ii) the future will be more of the same, that is, a repetition of the past in the new forms of the present
Nowadays lithium has become a resource of high economic value, for this reason it was called "the white gold of the 21st century". The main brine reserves for lithium are located in the "lithium triangle" formed by Argentina, Bolivia and Chile. The strategy adopted by each one will be crucial to guarantee its transformation and achieve true scientific and technological value. Bolivia, which has the largest lithium reserves in the world, throughout its history suffered “the curse of natural resources”, such is the case of silver, tin, rubber, gas, among others. The case of lithium must be different. Through a new legislation in 2009, the Plurinational State will promote its industrialization and maintain the strategic character of lithium, hence, the administration will be 100% state-owned. Our task is to analyze this development strategy used by the government for the industrialization of lithium in Bolivia and determine who will benefit from the "white gold" of the Salar de Uyuni, through a methodology of public policy analysis, divided into five stages: 1) construction of the agenda; 2) formulation; 3) decision making; 4) the implementation and 5) the evaluation. If the extraction experiences of the mining resources that traditionally typify an enclave economy are maintained, under a new model of hybrid development (developmentalism and neoliberalism) or “Logistic State”, there are two possibilities: i) the Bolivian reality will be changed by with the industrial policy of lithium and / or ii) the future will be more of the same, that is, a repetition of the past in the new forms of the present
Abstract
Descrição
Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas e
Desenvolvimento da Universidade Federal da
Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito
parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em
Políticas Públicas e Desenvolvimento.
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Medeiros Silva
Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcelino Teixeira
Palavras-chave
Economía Política, Políticas públicas, Produción economico - lítio, Desarrollo economico - Bolivia
Citação
ALMANZA LARRAZABAL, Luis Alfredo. La industrialización del litio y el desarrollo en Bolivia. 2018. 117 p. Dissertação de mestrado (Programa de
Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas e
Desenvolvimento) - Universidade Federal da
Integração Latino-Americana (Unila), Foz do Iguaçu, 2018.