Línguas, identidades culturais, migrações e narrativas : um estudo sobre falantes de árabe em Foz do Iguaçu
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Data
2018-12-17
Autores
Jalil, Samira Abdel
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Editor
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Resumo
Considerando o contexto de migrações transnacionais e suas implicações socioculturais, esta tese tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir os resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com o intuito de analisar discursos sobre identidades construídos por falantes de árabe em Foz do Iguaçu, bem como a maneira como essa língua é evocada em suas narrativas. Participaram do estudo dez brasileiros (natos ou não) residentes na cidade e que pelo menos um de seus progenitores era oriundo de país de língua árabe. Inserida na vertente crítica da Linguística Aplicada (MOITA LOPES, 2006; PENNYCOOK, 2006), a pesquisa em pauta, de natureza qualitativa-interpretativista, orientou-se pelos preceitos da etnografia crítica (MARTIN-JONES; MARTIN, 2017). O arcabouço teórico de referência para este trabalho incluiu contribuições de estudiosos da área das Ciências Sociais (BHABHA, 1998; HALL, 1997, 2000) e dos Estudos de Narrativas (DE FINA; GEORGAKOPOULOU, 2012; NIC CRAITH, 2012). A análise de dados, conduzida a partir dos posicionamentos interacionais dos participantes (DAVIES; HARRÉ, 1990; LANGENHOVE; HARRÉ, 1999) e das pistas contextualizadoras de Wortham (2001) e Bizon (2013), foi realizada a partir de três eixos temáticos: (i) a história familiar de migração dos participantes; (ii) as suas construções identitárias e (iii) as representações por eles construídas acerca da língua árabe.Com relação às histórias e percepções sobre o movimento migratório, os posicionamentos dos participantes indicaram consonância com as condições de reterritorialização do universo de falantes de árabe no Brasil. Apesar da existência de uma rede de apoio local consolidada, notou-se a representação de uma imagem geralmente negativa do empreendimento migratório no estabelecimento no Brasil. Porém, pode-se perceber que a resiliência em meio a esse processo foi pedra fundamental da reconstrução da vida e das identidades desses migrantes, mesmo daqueles que se identificaram como vivendo um entrelugar (BHABHA, 1998). Ademais, os participantes apontaram as relações com o entorno como sendo frutíferas e marcadas pela gratidão pelo acolhimento recebido, com exceção de alguns casos de discriminação, que reforçaram o tom de desvalia e preconceito que alguns afirmaram terem experimentado ao longo da reterritorialização das famílias. Sobre a maneira como os participantes evocam a língua árabe, esta foi representada como uma das marcas valorosas de sua herança cultural, o que é corroborado pelas políticas linguísticas comunitárias para a preservação da língua árabe na cidade. Diante do exposto, as narrativas indicaram que a preservação das memórias do movimento migratório e da língua árabe, reiteradas pela grande visibilidade das manifestações linguísticas e culturais em Foz do Iguaçu, foram e têm sido essenciais na construção e no fortalecimento deste grupo, bem como no sentimento de pertença desses migrantes e seus descendentes na Foz do Iguaçu diversa, plural e intercultural em que vivem. Contudo, recomenda-se aos educadores, cônscios da função preponderante que exercem na formação e no empoderamento dos indivíduos, que conheçam tanto o macrodiscurso hegemônico depreciativo de grupos minoritarizados (SAID, 2007) quanto as representações e posicionamentos referentes às construções identitárias de migrantes, para que assim possam ser multiplicadores de práticas discursivas e ações de fomento ao respeito à diversidade linguística e cultural constitutiva da sociedade brasileira
Considering the context of transnational migration and their sociocultural implications, this dissertation aims to present and discuss the results of a research made with the purpose of reviewing identity discourses constructed by Arabic speakers in Foz do Iguaçu as well as how this language is evoked in their narratives. Ten Brazilian citizens (whether born in Brazil or not) living in town with at least one parent coming from an Arabic language speaking country participated in this study. Inserted in the critical Applied Linguistic branch (MOITA LOPES, 2006; PENNYCOOK, 2006), this research – of a qualitative-interpretative nature – was guided by the precepts of critical ethnography (MARTIN-JONES; MARTIN, 2017). The theoretical axis of reference for this work included contributions by scholars from the field of Social Sciences (BHABHA, 1998; HALL, 1997, 2006) and Studies in Narratives (DE FINA; GEORGAKOPOULOU, 2012; NIC CRAITH, 2012). The data analysis – based on the participants’ interactional positioning (DAVIES; HARRÉ, 1990; LANGENHOVE; HARRÉ, 1999) and the contextual cues by Wortham (2001) and Bizon (2013), was stemmed from three thematic axes: (i) the participants’ migration family history; (ii) their identity constructions; and (iii) their representations of the Arabic language. Regarding the stories and perceptions about the migration movement, the participants’ views displayed consonance with the conditions of reterritorialization of the universe of Arabic speakers in Brazil. Albeit the existence of a consolidated local support network, we noticed the representation of an overall negative image of the migratory enterprise upon their establishment in Brazil. Nevertheless, it can be perceived that the resilience throughout this process was a foundation stone in life reconstruction and in the identities of these migrants – even of those ones who identified themselves as living in in-between spaces (BHABHA, 1998). Furthermore, the participants indicated their relations with the surroundings as fruitful and marked by their gratitude for the receptiveness they experienced, except for some cases of discrimination – which reinforced the tone of worthlessness and prejudice some said to have suffered during the reterritorialization of their families. As for the manner the participants evoke the Arabic language, it was represented as one of the invaluable brands of their cultural heritage, which is corroborated by the community linguistic policies for the preservation of the Arabic language in the city. Given the above, the narratives indicated that the preservation of the memories of migration and the Arabic language, emphasized by the great visibility of the linguistic and cultural movements in Foz do Iguaçu, were and have been paramount to the construction and empowerment of this group, as well as to the feeling of “belonging into a community” by these migrants and their descendants in the diverse, plural and intercultural Foz do Iguaçu they live in. However, the educators – aware of their preponderant role in the education and empowerment of individuals – should get to know both the depreciative hegemonic macro-discourse of minoritized groups (SAID, 2007) and the representations and positions concerning the migrants’ identity constructions so that they can be multipliers of discursive practices and foment actions towards the respect to the linguistic and cultural diversity constituting Brazilian society
Considering the context of transnational migration and their sociocultural implications, this dissertation aims to present and discuss the results of a research made with the purpose of reviewing identity discourses constructed by Arabic speakers in Foz do Iguaçu as well as how this language is evoked in their narratives. Ten Brazilian citizens (whether born in Brazil or not) living in town with at least one parent coming from an Arabic language speaking country participated in this study. Inserted in the critical Applied Linguistic branch (MOITA LOPES, 2006; PENNYCOOK, 2006), this research – of a qualitative-interpretative nature – was guided by the precepts of critical ethnography (MARTIN-JONES; MARTIN, 2017). The theoretical axis of reference for this work included contributions by scholars from the field of Social Sciences (BHABHA, 1998; HALL, 1997, 2006) and Studies in Narratives (DE FINA; GEORGAKOPOULOU, 2012; NIC CRAITH, 2012). The data analysis – based on the participants’ interactional positioning (DAVIES; HARRÉ, 1990; LANGENHOVE; HARRÉ, 1999) and the contextual cues by Wortham (2001) and Bizon (2013), was stemmed from three thematic axes: (i) the participants’ migration family history; (ii) their identity constructions; and (iii) their representations of the Arabic language. Regarding the stories and perceptions about the migration movement, the participants’ views displayed consonance with the conditions of reterritorialization of the universe of Arabic speakers in Brazil. Albeit the existence of a consolidated local support network, we noticed the representation of an overall negative image of the migratory enterprise upon their establishment in Brazil. Nevertheless, it can be perceived that the resilience throughout this process was a foundation stone in life reconstruction and in the identities of these migrants – even of those ones who identified themselves as living in in-between spaces (BHABHA, 1998). Furthermore, the participants indicated their relations with the surroundings as fruitful and marked by their gratitude for the receptiveness they experienced, except for some cases of discrimination – which reinforced the tone of worthlessness and prejudice some said to have suffered during the reterritorialization of their families. As for the manner the participants evoke the Arabic language, it was represented as one of the invaluable brands of their cultural heritage, which is corroborated by the community linguistic policies for the preservation of the Arabic language in the city. Given the above, the narratives indicated that the preservation of the memories of migration and the Arabic language, emphasized by the great visibility of the linguistic and cultural movements in Foz do Iguaçu, were and have been paramount to the construction and empowerment of this group, as well as to the feeling of “belonging into a community” by these migrants and their descendants in the diverse, plural and intercultural Foz do Iguaçu they live in. However, the educators – aware of their preponderant role in the education and empowerment of individuals – should get to know both the depreciative hegemonic macro-discourse of minoritized groups (SAID, 2007) and the representations and positions concerning the migrants’ identity constructions so that they can be multipliers of discursive practices and foment actions towards the respect to the linguistic and cultural diversity constituting Brazilian society
Abstract
Descrição
Tese de doutorado apresentada para defesa ao
Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem da
Universidade Estadual de Campinas para
obtenção do título de Doutora em Linguística
Aplicada, na área de Multiculturalismo,
Plurilinguismo e Educação Bilíngue. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Terezinha de Jesus Machado Maher
Palavras-chave
Identidade cultural, Língua árabe - Árabe falado - Foz do Iguaçu, Narrativas - migração
Citação
JALIL, Samira Abdel. Línguas, identidades culturais, migrações e narrativas: um estudo sobre falantes de árabe em Foz do Iguaçu. 2018. 1 recurso online (266 p.). Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem, Campinas, SP.