Relações entre Humanos e Macacos-prego em um Contexto Urbano no Sul do Brasil.
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Data
2015
Autores
Suzin, Adriane
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Resumo
As relações entre primatas humanos e não-humanos têm causas e consequências que podem ser abordadas pela Etnoprimatologia, com resultados importantes para a conservação. Nós estudamos as relações entre um grupo de macacos-prego (Sapajus sp.) e humanos moradores do entorno de um pequeno bosque urbano em Foz do Iguaçu, no Sul do Brasil. Comparamos os resultados aqui obtidos sobre as percepções dos moradores com as percepções de visitantes que
foram publicadas anteriormente. Os dados incluem a percepção humana, coletada por meio de formulários semiestruturados, as características das interações que foram obtidas pelo método de todas as ocorrências, e a dieta dos macacos que foi estudada por meio de varreduras instantâneas durante 18 meses. A maioria dos moradores conhece, utiliza e considera o bosque importante, sabe da presença e gosta dos macacos, aponta a insuficiência de alimentos, e mais da metade afirmou já tê-los alimentado. Verificamos que jovens e idosos tendem a afirmar que já alimentaram e interagiram com os macacos, e os primeiros tendem a dizer que reconhecem os macacos individualmente, sabem de visitas de pessoas provenientes de outros lugares no bosque, e confirmam que os macacos vão até as residências vizinhas. Entretanto, independentemente da idade, as pessoas afirmam que o local está sujo e degradado. Ainda, os homens tendem a dizer que já alimentaram os macacos. As interações, iniciadas principalmente pelas pessoas, envolveram majoritariamente comportamentos afiliativos, baseados sobretudo no fornecimento de alimentos. As interações ocorreram principalmente no interior da mata, a curtas distâncias e, principalmente, entre os machos de ambas espécies. O número de interações não diferiu entre os períodos do dia e da semana, contudo, foi maior no outono do que no verão, provavelmente devido ao clima mais ameno. Quanto à dieta, os animais consumiram principalmente alimentos de origem antrópica, e em grande parte os fornecidos diretamente
pelas pessoas. O consumo de itens antrópicos e da mata não variou ao longo das estações. Nossos resultados indicam que os moradores são menos sensíveis à área verde e aos animais do que visitantes, mas independentemente do público, há uma relação positiva entre as pessoas e os macacos, na qual os humanos têm a oportunidade de interagir com a vida selvagem em um contexto urbano e os macacos se beneficiam por obter os alimentos das pessoas. Esta relação favorece a sobrevivência dos macacos-prego neste bosque.
The relationship between humans and non-human primates have causes and consequences that can be addressed by Ethnoprimatology, with important applications for conservation purposes. Here, we studied the relationship between capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.) and humans that residing in the surroundings of a small urban forest fragment in Foz do Iguaçu, Southern Brazil. We compared it with previously published information of the perceptions of visitors of this green area. During 18 months, we collected data of human perceptions through interviews, data of interactions between both species through direct observations using the all occurrence sampling method, and data of the diet of the monkeys using scan sampling method. Most people know, use and consider the green area as important, and these people like and feed the monkeys, and they also mention the scarcity of food to the animals. There is a tendency of young and old people to say they interact and feed the monkeys, and young people tend to say they know how to distinguish the monkeys individually. Young people also tend to say they know the occurrence of visitors from elsewhere in the green area, and they confirm the monkeys invade human residences. We also find people of all ages perceive the green area as dirty and degraded. In addition, men tend to say that fed the monkeys. Most interactions were initiated by people, and were affiliative, mainly in the context of provisioning. The majority of interactions occurred at short distances and inside the forest, involving especially males of both species. We do not find statistical differences in the frequency of interactions on the periods of day and on the periods of week. However, interactions were more frequent in fall than winter, probably due to mild weather. The bulk of the diet comprised anthropic food, mainly from human provisioning. The frequency of the consumption of anthropic and wild food did not vary seasonally. Our results suggest residents as less sensible to the green area and to the animals than visitors, but for both public, there is a positive relationship between humans and monkeys, where the former have an opportunity to interact with wildlife in a urban context, and the later have an important supplement of food given by people. This relation favors the survival of capuchins in this small green urban area.
The relationship between humans and non-human primates have causes and consequences that can be addressed by Ethnoprimatology, with important applications for conservation purposes. Here, we studied the relationship between capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.) and humans that residing in the surroundings of a small urban forest fragment in Foz do Iguaçu, Southern Brazil. We compared it with previously published information of the perceptions of visitors of this green area. During 18 months, we collected data of human perceptions through interviews, data of interactions between both species through direct observations using the all occurrence sampling method, and data of the diet of the monkeys using scan sampling method. Most people know, use and consider the green area as important, and these people like and feed the monkeys, and they also mention the scarcity of food to the animals. There is a tendency of young and old people to say they interact and feed the monkeys, and young people tend to say they know how to distinguish the monkeys individually. Young people also tend to say they know the occurrence of visitors from elsewhere in the green area, and they confirm the monkeys invade human residences. We also find people of all ages perceive the green area as dirty and degraded. In addition, men tend to say that fed the monkeys. Most interactions were initiated by people, and were affiliative, mainly in the context of provisioning. The majority of interactions occurred at short distances and inside the forest, involving especially males of both species. We do not find statistical differences in the frequency of interactions on the periods of day and on the periods of week. However, interactions were more frequent in fall than winter, probably due to mild weather. The bulk of the diet comprised anthropic food, mainly from human provisioning. The frequency of the consumption of anthropic and wild food did not vary seasonally. Our results suggest residents as less sensible to the green area and to the animals than visitors, but for both public, there is a positive relationship between humans and monkeys, where the former have an opportunity to interact with wildlife in a urban context, and the later have an important supplement of food given by people. This relation favors the survival of capuchins in this small green urban area.
Abstract
Descrição
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Instituto Latino-Americano Ciências da Vida e da Natureza da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas – Ecologia e Biodiversidade Orientador: Prof. Dr. Lucas de Moraes Aguiar, Coorientadores: Prof. Dr. Andrea Ciacchi ;Prof. Dr. Michel Varajão Garey
Palavras-chave
Áreas verdes urbanas, Conservação, Etnoprimatologia, Flexibilidade comportamental, Sapajus, Valoração da natureza
Citação
SUZIN, Adriane. Relações entre Humanos e Macacos-prego em um Contexto Urbano no Sul do Brasil. 2015. 71 p. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso em Ciências Biológicas – Ecologia e Biodiversidade – Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, 2015.