El Genocidio en Rwanda: un análisis multidimensional.
Resumo
La presente monografía se enfoca en la discusión sobre las causas que permean el genocidio en Rwanda. Esta monografía se enmarca en el periodo de 1990 a 1994. Para el desarrollo de esta finalidad, la presente monografía se objetiva realizar un análisis multidimensional permitiendo dar visibilidad a las causas profundas del genocidio en Rwanda. En ese sentido, esta monografía se sustenta de tres objetivos específicos, a saber: (1) construir de un marco teórico enfocado en la comprensión y resolución de los conflictos violentos; (2) efectuar un análisis teórico-empírico del estudio de caso; y (3) realizar un análisis crítico a los instrumentos de resolución de los conflictos violentos. El objeto de estudio y los objetivos, anteriormente presentados, permiten evidenciar la pregunta que se pretende responder en esta monografía, a saber: ¿Cómo la ausencia del conocimiento y comprensión de las causas profundas de los conflictos violentos constituyen una limitación para la resolución de los conflictos violentos, y la consolidación de la paz? Por tanto, para exponer una posible respuesta se planteó la siguiente hipótesis de trabajo: la compresión multidimensional de los conflictos violentos permiten la visualización de las causas profundas de esos conflictos y evidenciar las limitaciones de los instrumentos de resolución de los conflictos violentos. This paper focuses on the discussion of the causes that permeate the genocide in
Rwanda. This monograph is part of the period 1990 to 1994. For the development of
this purpose, this paper is objective perform multidimensional analysis allowing to give
visibility to the root causes of the genocide in Rwanda. In that sense, this paper is based
on three specific objectives, namely: (1) build a theoretical framework focused on
understanding and resolution of violent conflicts; (2) make a theoretical and empirical
analysis of the case study; and (3) perform a critical instruments violent conflict
resolution analysis. The object of study and objectives previously presented evidence
allow the question to be answered in this paper, namely: How does the lack of
knowledge and understanding of the root causes of violent conflicts constitute a
limitation to the resolution of violent conflicts and peace? Therefore, to expose a
possible answer the following working hypothesis was raised: the multidimensional
understanding of violent conflict allows visualization of the root causes of these
conflicts and to demonstrate the limitations of the instruments of resolution of violent
conflicts. So that, to guide the development of this monograph a qualitative
methodology through two methodological tools are instrumented, then presented: (1)
the case study; (2) the tracing process. The development of this methodology allows to
raise the research variables. On the one hand, the independent variables consist of four
factors: (1) systematic; (2) politicians; (3) economic-social; and (4) cultural. Moreover,
the dependent variables are four sequels, namely: (1) dependence on other States; (2)
state fragmentation; (3) economic inequality; and (4) the use of ethnicity as a political
and social weapon. In addition, it was made a review of primary and secondary
information sources genocide in Rwanda. Primary sources consist of information about
the Mission of the United Nations Assistance for Rwanda (UNAMIR), the Security
Council resolutions, the reports of the Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN),
the research reports of the United Nations, and economic data from the World Bank
(WB). In complementation, secondary sources are evaluated critically on a historical
overview of Rwanda from 1885 to 1994. Thus, the development of the monograph is
divided into three chapters. The chapter discusses the theoretical approaches and
instruments on the understanding and resolution of violent conflicts. The second chapter
makes a theoretical and empirical analysis of the case study. Finally, the third chapter is
focused on a critical analysis of the instruments of resolution of violent conflicts.
Therefore, this paper allowed noting multidimensional analysis focused on systemic,
political, economic, social and cultural factors demonstrate the performance limitations
of the instruments of resolution of violent conflicts.