La construcción de la macroidentidad de Perú: patria y nación en la prensa limeña del proceso de independencia (1811-1813 y 1821-1822)
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Data
2018-05-19
Autores
Angulo Giraldo, Miguel Ángel
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Resumo
Esta tesis presenta las construcciones discursivas que la prensa de Lima en el periodo del proceso de independencia peruano elaboró respecto de las identidades de casta, y cómo a partir del reordenamiento de las identificaciones colectivas, consiguió generar una identidad política de nación y patria peruanas que permitiera homogeneizar las diversidades en torno al nacimiento político de la República del Perú. Los objetivos fueron identificar las características de la prensa analizada; establecer las ideas principales que conforman las cadenas discursivas que otorgan coherencia a las narraciones de los periódicos; caracterizar las castas, grupos sociales y otredades narrados; y reconstruir los sentidos otorgados a la nación o la patria peruana como una macroidentidad colectiva a partir de los diarios analizados. Se dividió el análisis en dos periodos: entre 1811 y 1813, en el cual se estudian los diarios El Peruano, El Verdadero Peruano, El Satélite del Peruano y los Diarios de sesión de las Cortes de Cádiz; y una segunda época entre 1821 y 1822 en el cual se revisan La Abeja Republicana, El Triunfo de la nación, Los Andes Libres y el Correo Mercantil Político y Literario. La revisión de los materiales estudiados permitió notar que en la construcción de una identidad colectiva de nación peruana y patria peruanas que otorgara sentido al Perú virreinal del final del proceso de independencia, las castas estuvieron incluidas como parte de la narración de un “nosotros” de forma subalternizada, mientras se construyó un enemigo externo en los franceses y los revolucionarios americanos; de igual forma, en el segundo periodo, la idea de incluir a las castas pasó por construir una identidad política que sobrepasará el limite cultural para dar sentido a una unidad discursiva bajo la cual todos pudieran luchar y acceder a la libertad y los beneficios de la República del Perú.
This thesis presents the discursive constructions that the Lima’s press, during the period of the Peruvian independence process, elaborated about as caste identities, and how, from the reordering of collective identifications, it managed to generate a political identity of the Peruvian nation and homeland that would allow homogenize the diversities around the political birth of the Republic of Peru. The objectives were to identify the characteristics of the analyzed press; establish the main ideas that make up the discursive chains that give coherence to the narratives of newspapers; characterize the castes, social groups and narrated othernesses; and to reconstruct the senses granted to the nation or the Peruvian fatherland as a collective macroidentity from the newspapers analyzed. The analysis was divided into two periods: between 1811 and 1813, in which the newspapers El Peruano, El Verdadero Peruano, El Satélite del Peruano and the Diarios de sesión de las Cortes de Cádiz are studied; and a second period between 1821 and 1822 in which La Abeja Republicana, El Triunfo de la nación, Los Andes Libres and the Correo Mercantil Político Literario are revised. The review of the studied materials made it possible to note that in the construction of a collective identity of the Peruvian nation and homeland that would give sense to the viceroyalty Peruvian of the end of the independence process, the castes were included as part of the narration of a "we" of subalternized form, while an external enemy was built in the French and the American revolutionaries; likewise, in the second period, the idea of including the castes went through the construction of a political identity that will go beyond the cultural limit to give meaning to a discursive unity under which everyone could fight and access the freedom and benefits of the Republic of Peru
This thesis presents the discursive constructions that the Lima’s press, during the period of the Peruvian independence process, elaborated about as caste identities, and how, from the reordering of collective identifications, it managed to generate a political identity of the Peruvian nation and homeland that would allow homogenize the diversities around the political birth of the Republic of Peru. The objectives were to identify the characteristics of the analyzed press; establish the main ideas that make up the discursive chains that give coherence to the narratives of newspapers; characterize the castes, social groups and narrated othernesses; and to reconstruct the senses granted to the nation or the Peruvian fatherland as a collective macroidentity from the newspapers analyzed. The analysis was divided into two periods: between 1811 and 1813, in which the newspapers El Peruano, El Verdadero Peruano, El Satélite del Peruano and the Diarios de sesión de las Cortes de Cádiz are studied; and a second period between 1821 and 1822 in which La Abeja Republicana, El Triunfo de la nación, Los Andes Libres and the Correo Mercantil Político Literario are revised. The review of the studied materials made it possible to note that in the construction of a collective identity of the Peruvian nation and homeland that would give sense to the viceroyalty Peruvian of the end of the independence process, the castes were included as part of the narration of a "we" of subalternized form, while an external enemy was built in the French and the American revolutionaries; likewise, in the second period, the idea of including the castes went through the construction of a political identity that will go beyond the cultural limit to give meaning to a discursive unity under which everyone could fight and access the freedom and benefits of the Republic of Peru
Descrição
Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-
Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos Latino-
Americanos da Universidade Federal da
Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito
parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Estudos
Latino-Americanos.
Orientador: Prof. Alexandre Camera Varella
Palavras-chave
Memoria nacional, Identidade social, Lima (Perú) - imprensa, Perú - Independência, Perú - História (1811-1822)
Citação
ANGULO GIRALDO, Miguel Ángel. La construcción de la macroidentidad de Perú: patria y nación en la prensa limeña del proceso de independencia (1811-1813 y 1821-1822). 2018. 147 p. Dissertação de mestrado ( Programa de Pós-
Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos Latino-
Americanos) - Universidade Federal da
Integração Latino-Americana (Unila), Foz do Iguaçu, 2018.