Projeto e dimensionamento de um Sistema Fotovoltaico isolado/conectado à rede para atender a demanda de irrigação de UVA
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Data
2017-11
Autores
Valverde Jiménez, Jonathan Paúl
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Resumo
Nos dias atuais, a irrigação constitui a maior fonte de consumo de água no planeta e, em
geral, é realizada com o uso de motobombas e com grande desperdício de água e energia.
Diante deste cenário, este projeto tem por objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento
sustentável do país através da popularização dos sistemas de pequeno porte para bombea-
mento de água com energia solar fotovoltaica. Para isto, realizou-se um estudo de caso em
uma propriedade de agricultura familiar, localizada na cidade de Salto do Lontra – PR,
com 0,5 hectares de cultivo de uva irrigada por gotejamento através de uma motobomba de
7,5 CV alimentada por uma rede elétrica monofásica. A metodologia utilizada neste projeto
consiste em, inicialmente, conferir se a motobomba atual foi corretamente dimensionada,
empregando estimativas do consumo diário de água da cultura para cada mês, pelo método
da evapotranspiração de referência da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, e a configuração do sistema
hidráulico de irrigação. Com resultado negativo, foi proposta uma nova motobomba (2CV)
a partir da qual dimensionou-se os Sistemas Fotovoltaicos (SFVs), isolado e conectado à
rede, para atender a demanda de irrigação e sua viabilidade de execução foi avaliada sob os
critérios técnico, econômico e ambiental. Para dimensionar os SFVs foram comparadas duas
metodologias, uma proposta pelo CRESESB e a outra consiste na simulação computacional
usando o software SAM. O Sistema Fotovoltaico Isolado (SFI) foi proposto com 14 placas
de 260Wp cada uma (3640Wp de PIT - potência instalada total), um banco de baterias com
18 elementos tipo chumbo-ácido com capacidade nominal total de 47,52kWh em 24V (para
dois dias de autonomia) e um investimento inicial de 62.679,93 R$; enquanto que o Sistema
Fotovoltaico Conectado à Rede (SFCR) foi composto por 6 placas de 315Wp cada (1890W
de PIT) e um investimento de 16.407,69 R$. Na avaliação econômica, considerando a troca
da motobomba e a instalação do SFV com financiamento para 20 anos, o SFI resultou
inviável (VPL de -26.128,72 R$ e TIR de 5,46%). Enquanto que o SFCR apresentou um
VPL de 35.397,54 R$ e um Payback de 1 ano, porém, analisando unicamente o SFCR
sem a troca da motobomba, o VPL é de -1.023,20 R$ e a TIR é 9,41%, o que torna o
investimento inviável. Analisando a relevância ambiental, o SFI evita a emissão de 5,46
tCO2, o SFCR evita 3,32 tCO2 e a troca da motobomba reduz em 6,91 toneladas o CO2
emitido. Os resultados confirmam a hipótese de que em zonas atendidas pela rede elétrica
a melhor opção é o SFCR utilizando-se o sistema de compensação das concessionárias.
No entanto, o baixo custo da eletricidade em zonas rurais conectadas à rede faz com
que os SFVs ainda não sejam economicamente atraentes, porém, os SFCR apresentam
uma alternativa promissora para irrigação quando o objetivo é aumentar a segurança do
abastecimento de água e contribuir na mitigação da contaminação ambiental.
Nowadays, irrigation is the largest source of water consumption on the planet and is generally carried out with the use of motorpumps and with great waste of water and energy. Given this scenario, this project aims to contribute to the sustainable development of the country through the popularization of small systems for pumping water with photovoltaic solar energy. For this, a case study was carried out at a family farm property, located in the city of Salto do Lontra-PR, with 0.5 hectares of grapes cultivated by drip irrigation through a 7.5 CV motorpump powered by a single-phase power grid. The methodology used in this project is to initially verify if the current pump was correctly sized, using estimates of the daily water consumption of the crop for each month, using the reference evapotranspiration method of Embrapa Uva e Vinho, and the configuration of the hydraulic system irrigation. As the result was negative, a new pump (2CV) was proposed from which the Photovoltaic Systems (SFVs), off-grid and on-grid, was designed to meet irrigation demand and its viability of execution was evaluated under the criteria technical, economic and environmental. In order to size the SFVs, two methodologies were compared, one proposed by CRESESB and the other one consists of the computational simulation using the SAM software. The Off-grid Photovoltaic System (SFI) was proposed with 14 panels of 260Wp each (3640W of PIT - total installed power), a battery bank with 18 lead-acid type elements with total nominal capacity of 47.52kWh in 24V (for two days of autonomy) and an initial investment of 62,679.93 R$; while the On-grid photovoltaic system (SFCR) consisted of 6 panels of 315Wp each (1890W of PIT) and an investment of 16,407.69 R$. In the economic evaluation, considering the exchange of the motorpump and the installation of the SFV with financing for 20 years, the SFI was unfeasible (NPV of -26,128.72 R$ and IRR of 5.46 %). While the SFCR had a NPV of R$ 35,397.54 and a 1 year Payback; however, analyzing only the SFV the NPV is -1.023.20 R$ and the IRR is 9.41 %, which makes the investment unfeasible. Analyzing the environmental relevance, the SFI avoids the emission of 5.46 tCO2, the SFCR avoids 3.32 tCO2 and the exchange of the motorpump reduces the emitted CO2 by 6.91 tons. The results confirm the hypothesis that in areas served by the electric grid the best option is the SFCR using the compensation system of the concessionaires. However, the low cost of electricity in rural areas connected to the grid makes SFVs not yet economically attractive, but SFCRs present a promising alternative to irrigation when the goal is to increase water supply security and contribute to mitigation environmental contamination
Nowadays, irrigation is the largest source of water consumption on the planet and is generally carried out with the use of motorpumps and with great waste of water and energy. Given this scenario, this project aims to contribute to the sustainable development of the country through the popularization of small systems for pumping water with photovoltaic solar energy. For this, a case study was carried out at a family farm property, located in the city of Salto do Lontra-PR, with 0.5 hectares of grapes cultivated by drip irrigation through a 7.5 CV motorpump powered by a single-phase power grid. The methodology used in this project is to initially verify if the current pump was correctly sized, using estimates of the daily water consumption of the crop for each month, using the reference evapotranspiration method of Embrapa Uva e Vinho, and the configuration of the hydraulic system irrigation. As the result was negative, a new pump (2CV) was proposed from which the Photovoltaic Systems (SFVs), off-grid and on-grid, was designed to meet irrigation demand and its viability of execution was evaluated under the criteria technical, economic and environmental. In order to size the SFVs, two methodologies were compared, one proposed by CRESESB and the other one consists of the computational simulation using the SAM software. The Off-grid Photovoltaic System (SFI) was proposed with 14 panels of 260Wp each (3640W of PIT - total installed power), a battery bank with 18 lead-acid type elements with total nominal capacity of 47.52kWh in 24V (for two days of autonomy) and an initial investment of 62,679.93 R$; while the On-grid photovoltaic system (SFCR) consisted of 6 panels of 315Wp each (1890W of PIT) and an investment of 16,407.69 R$. In the economic evaluation, considering the exchange of the motorpump and the installation of the SFV with financing for 20 years, the SFI was unfeasible (NPV of -26,128.72 R$ and IRR of 5.46 %). While the SFCR had a NPV of R$ 35,397.54 and a 1 year Payback; however, analyzing only the SFV the NPV is -1.023.20 R$ and the IRR is 9.41 %, which makes the investment unfeasible. Analyzing the environmental relevance, the SFI avoids the emission of 5.46 tCO2, the SFCR avoids 3.32 tCO2 and the exchange of the motorpump reduces the emitted CO2 by 6.91 tons. The results confirm the hypothesis that in areas served by the electric grid the best option is the SFCR using the compensation system of the concessionaires. However, the low cost of electricity in rural areas connected to the grid makes SFVs not yet economically attractive, but SFCRs present a promising alternative to irrigation when the goal is to increase water supply security and contribute to mitigation environmental contamination
Descrição
Trabalho final apresentado como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Bacharel em Engenharia de Energia pela Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana. Orientador: Dr. Oswaldo Hideo Ando Junior e Coorientador: Dr. Jiam Pires Frigo
Palavras-chave
Agricultura familiar, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Microgeração distribuída, Energia Solar Fotovoltaica
Citação
VALVERDE JIMÉNEZ, Jonathan Paúl. Projeto e dimensionamento de um Sistema Fotovoltaico isolado/conectado à rede para atender a demanda de irrigação de UVA. 2017. 154 p. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Engenharia de Energia) - Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila), Foz do Iguaçu, 2017