Gastronomia em Foz do Iguaçu como ferramenta de integração através da interculturalidade
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Data
2017-09-22
Autores
Pimentel, Fagner Barbosa
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A dinâmica intercultural da cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, localizada no extremo oeste do Estado do Paraná impressiona e intriga os visitantes. Formando uma tríplice fronteira com Ciudad del Este no Paraguai e Puerto Iguazú na Argentina, esta região de características pluriculturais, abriga imigrantes árabes (libaneses, sírios, palestinos, entre outros), japoneses, taiwaneses, chineses, franceses, haitianos, guaranis de diferentes etnias, além de brasileiros de todos os Estados do país. Objetivou-se, portanto, analisar a gastronomia como veículo de integração, por meio das narrativas dos sujeitos envolvidos nesta ambiência e sob a perspectiva da interculturalidade, na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu/PR. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram em uma pesquisa de campo, com abordagem qualitativa, instrumentalizada pela observação participante não sistemática e aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Inicialmente, realizou-se a revisão da literatura especializada sobre conceitos basilares para compreensão da temática, tais como cultura, interculturalidade, colonialidade/decolonialidade, alimentação e gastronomia, entre outros. As observações e entrevistas foram realizadas na comunidade árabe, incluindo proprietários e funcionários de estabelecimentos comerciais formais e informais de gastronomia árabe, comunidade local de Foz do Iguaçu e vários clientes de comida árabe, no segundo semestre de 2016. A gastronomia ofertada integra as pessoas, principalmente, de forma funcional ao sistema capitalista, sendo relacional, tal como o turismo, sem permitir fazer uma crítica ao Estado, ao capitalismo e à sociedade hegemônica branco-mestiça que se posiciona de forma hierárquica frente às comunidades indígenas, quilombolas e latino-americanas. A comunidade árabe, por meio de suas tradições culturais, especialmente a religiosidade e a alimentação, têm formado um grupo compacto, que os auxilia a manter laços de solidariedade, de relações entre as comunidades estabelecidas no Brasil e as originárias. Trata-se de uma cultura coesa, integrada por laços atávicos que a isolaram das culturas ocidentalizadas. Por meio da gastronomia oferecida em restaurantes de comida árabe e outros locais como cafeterias, mercados, projetos culturais, entre outros, observa-se que há possibilidade de percorrer o árduo caminho da interculturalidade crítica/descolonial. Entretanto, a interculturalidade permanece como sendo de caráter relacional e também funcional ao lucro, no ethos por vezes caótico da centenária Foz do Iguaçu.
The intercultural dynamics of the city of Foz do Iguaçu, located in the extreme west of the State of Paraná, impresses and intrigues visitors. Forming a triple border with Ciudad del Este in Paraguay and Puerto Iguazú in Argentina, this region of pluriculturais characteristics houses Arab (Lebanese, Syrian, Palestinian, among others) immigrants, Japanese, Taiwanese, Chinese, French, Haitian, Guaranis of different ethnicities , As well as Brazilians from all the States of the country. The objective was to analyze gastronomy as a vehicle for integration, through the narratives of the subjects involved in this ambience and from the perspective of interculturality, in the city of Foz do Iguaçu / PR. The methodological procedures consisted of a field research, with a qualitative approach, instrumented by the non-systematic participant observation and the application of semi-structured interviews. Initially, a review of the specialized literature on basic concepts for understanding the theme was carried out, such as culture, interculturality, coloniality / decoloniality, food and gastronomy, among others. The observations and interviews were conducted in the Arab community, including owners and employees of formal and informal commercial establishments of Arab cuisine, local community of Foz do Iguaçu and several Arab food customers, in the second half of 2016. The gastronomy offered includes people, Mainly, in a functional way to the capitalist system, being relational, like tourism, without making it possible to criticize the state, capitalism and white-mestizo hegemonic society that positions itself hierarchically in relation to the indigenous, quilombola and Latin American communities. The Arab community, through its cultural traditions, especially religiosity and food, has formed a compact group, which helps them maintain ties of solidarity, of relations between the communities established in Brazil and the native ones. It is a cohesive culture, integrated by atavistic ties that isolated it from the westernized cultures. Through gastronomy offered in Arab food restaurants and other places such as coffee shops, markets, cultural projects, among others, it is observed that there is a possibility of traveling the difficult path of critical / decolonial interculturality. However, interculturality remains as relational and also functional in profit, in the sometimes chaotic ethos of the century-old Foz do Iguaçu
The intercultural dynamics of the city of Foz do Iguaçu, located in the extreme west of the State of Paraná, impresses and intrigues visitors. Forming a triple border with Ciudad del Este in Paraguay and Puerto Iguazú in Argentina, this region of pluriculturais characteristics houses Arab (Lebanese, Syrian, Palestinian, among others) immigrants, Japanese, Taiwanese, Chinese, French, Haitian, Guaranis of different ethnicities , As well as Brazilians from all the States of the country. The objective was to analyze gastronomy as a vehicle for integration, through the narratives of the subjects involved in this ambience and from the perspective of interculturality, in the city of Foz do Iguaçu / PR. The methodological procedures consisted of a field research, with a qualitative approach, instrumented by the non-systematic participant observation and the application of semi-structured interviews. Initially, a review of the specialized literature on basic concepts for understanding the theme was carried out, such as culture, interculturality, coloniality / decoloniality, food and gastronomy, among others. The observations and interviews were conducted in the Arab community, including owners and employees of formal and informal commercial establishments of Arab cuisine, local community of Foz do Iguaçu and several Arab food customers, in the second half of 2016. The gastronomy offered includes people, Mainly, in a functional way to the capitalist system, being relational, like tourism, without making it possible to criticize the state, capitalism and white-mestizo hegemonic society that positions itself hierarchically in relation to the indigenous, quilombola and Latin American communities. The Arab community, through its cultural traditions, especially religiosity and food, has formed a compact group, which helps them maintain ties of solidarity, of relations between the communities established in Brazil and the native ones. It is a cohesive culture, integrated by atavistic ties that isolated it from the westernized cultures. Through gastronomy offered in Arab food restaurants and other places such as coffee shops, markets, cultural projects, among others, it is observed that there is a possibility of traveling the difficult path of critical / decolonial interculturality. However, interculturality remains as relational and also functional in profit, in the sometimes chaotic ethos of the century-old Foz do Iguaçu
Abstract
Descrição
Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Integração Contemporânea de América Latina (PPG-
ICAL), como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre
Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana -
UNILA.
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gerson Galo Ledezma Meneses
Palavras-chave
Gastronomia, Alimentação, Interculturalidade, Colonialidade, Decolonialidade
Citação
PIMENTEL, Fagner Barbosa. Gastronomia em Foz do Iguaçu como ferramenta de integração através da interculturalidade. 2017. 174f. Dissertação (Integração Contemporânea de América Latina) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Integração Contemporânea de América Latina, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu/PR. 2017.